Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)
This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using a technique called electrophoresis. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution that may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, immune disorders, or liver disease.
["Electrophoresis helps doctors spot protein imbalances that could signal serious health issues."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 13977-4
- Short code
- Gamma glob MFr CSF Elph
- Synonyms
- Gamma glob MFr CSF Elph
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- csf
- Container
- Sterile tube
- Units
- N/A
- Ref low
- 7.35
- Ref high
- 7.45
- Critical range
- 7.2 N/A – 7.6 N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- electrophoresis
- Specimen volume
- 1-2 mL
- Stability
- Immediate analysis required, Refrigerated: 1h
- Hemolysis max
- 200
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What This Test Measures
Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on their size and electrical charge. Key protein zones include albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins. Abnormal patterns may reveal elevated or missing proteins linked to disease processes.
Common Conditions Detected
This test is often used to diagnose or monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), Waldenström macroglobulinemia (a rare blood cancer), chronic inflammatory diseases, and certain liver or kidney disorders.
How the Test Works
A small blood sample is drawn and placed in a gel or paper medium. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to migrate toward the positive electrode. After staining, bands form that correspond to different protein types, allowing for visual analysis.
Preparation and Sample Collection
No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your doctor’s instructions. A simple needle prick collects blood from your arm into a tube. The sample is then sent to a lab for processing.
Reference range
NCBI: pH 7.35-7.45N/A
No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
Abnormal electrophoresis results can indicate underlying conditions by revealing shifts in protein distribution. For example, a spike in gamma-globulins may suggest immune system dysfunction, while a reduction in albumin could point to liver or kidney problems. This test is often used as part of a broader diagnostic evaluation, especially in patients with unexplained symptoms or known risk factors for protein-related disorders.
Short name
Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
Why might my doctor order this test?
What does it mean if my results show unusual protein bands?
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy