Immunoglobulin G (IgG) electrophoresis profile (serum/plasma)
This test measures the distribution and levels of different protein fractions in your blood, including IgG, which is the most common antibody in your immune system. It helps identify abnormalities in protein separation that may indicate conditions like immune disorders or chronic diseases.
This test helps assess protein balance and immune function by examining how proteins separate in an electric field.
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 72582-0
- Short code
- Gamma glob MFr.DF SerPl Elph
- Synonyms
- Gamma glob MFr.DF SerPl Elph
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- serum
- Container
- Red-top tube (SST)
- Units
- N/A
- Ref low
- 7.35
- Ref high
- 7.45
- Critical range
- 7.2 N/A – 7.6 N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- electrophoresis
- Specimen volume
- 5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 500
- Lipemia max
- 1000
- Icterus max
- 500
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What Does This Test Measure?
The IgG electrophoresis profile evaluates the concentration and relative amounts of various protein bands in your serum or plasma. These bands include albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins (IgG). The test provides a visual and quantitative breakdown of these components, which can help identify shifts in protein distribution that may signal underlying health issues.
Why Might You Need This Test?
You may need an IgG electrophoresis test if your doctor suspects conditions like multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or other immune system disorders. It can also be used to monitor protein abnormalities in chronic diseases, kidney problems, or liver conditions. Sometimes, it’s part of a broader evaluation for unexplained symptoms like fatigue, infections, or swelling.
How Is the Test Performed?
A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then separated into its components, including proteins, and placed on a special gel. An electric current is applied to the gel, causing the proteins to move at different speeds based on their size and charge. This creates distinct bands that represent different protein types, which are then analyzed.
What Does the Test Result Mean?
The results show the relative amounts of each protein band. For example, an abnormal increase in gamma-globulins (IgG) might suggest a high antibody level, possibly due to chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain cancers. A decrease in albumin could indicate liver disease, kidney problems, or malnutrition. Your doctor will interpret the results in the context of your overall health and symptoms.
Reference range
NCBI: pH 7.35-7.45N/A
No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
IgG electrophoresis is critical for diagnosing and managing conditions that affect protein balance in the blood. Elevated IgG levels may indicate overactive immune responses, such as in autoimmune diseases or chronic infections. Reduced albumin levels can signal organ dysfunction, such as liver failure or kidney disease. This test helps guide treatment plans, monitor disease progression, and assess responses to therapy.
Short name
IgG Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
What are the common reasons for this test?
How long does it take to get results from this test?
Is there anything I should do before or after the test?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy