Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)
This test measures the distribution of different protein types in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.
["Electrophoresis helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal underlying health conditions."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 15128-2
- Short code
- Gamma glob MFr Snv Elph
- Synonyms
- Gamma glob MFr Snv Elph
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- fluid
- Container
- Sterile tube
- Units
- N/A
- Ref low
- 7.35
- Ref high
- 7.45
- Critical range
- 7.2 N/A – 7.6 N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- electrophoresis
- Specimen volume
- 2-5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h
- Hemolysis max
- 300
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What Proteins Are Measured?
Electrophoresis typically separates proteins into five main fractions: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each fraction contains proteins with distinct functions, such as transporting nutrients, immune defense, and maintaining blood pressure.
Why Is This Test Done?
This test is often used to diagnose conditions like multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, liver disease, kidney disease, or immune system disorders. It may also help monitor treatment progress for certain conditions.
Sample Preparation and Testing Process
A blood sample is drawn from your arm, and the serum is separated for testing. The serum is then placed in an electric field, causing proteins to move toward opposite charges. A gel or paper strip captures the separation, creating a visual pattern of protein bands.
Interpreting Results
Results are qualitative, meaning they describe relative amounts of proteins rather than specific numeric values. Abnormal patterns, such as an increased or decreased gamma globulin fraction, may indicate specific health concerns that require further medical evaluation.
Reference range
NCBI: pH 7.35-7.45N/A
No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
Abnormal electrophoresis results can signal conditions affecting protein synthesis, breakdown, or immune function. For example, elevated gamma globulins may suggest an overactive immune system, while abnormal albumin levels could indicate liver or kidney disease. This test is critical for diagnosing and managing conditions that alter protein composition in the blood.
Short name
Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
What does a protein electrophoresis test show?
How long does it take to get results from this test?
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy