Gamma Globulin, Serum or Plasma, by Electrophoresis (Mass Concentration)

What Is Being Measured

Gamma globulins are a fraction of the proteins in your blood that carry most of your antibodies, which help fight infection. This test separates the proteins in your serum or plasma using a technique called electrophoresis and then measures the gamma globulin portion by mass concentration. The result is usually reported alongside other protein fractions such as albumin, alpha, and beta globulins.

Why Your Doctor Ordered It

Your doctor may order this test as part of a broader protein evaluation when you have symptoms or lab findings that suggest an immune problem, unusual protein levels, or a blood cell disorder. It can also be used to monitor a condition that is already known, or to help investigate recurring infections, unexplained fatigue, or abnormal total protein results.

How the Test Is Done

A small blood sample is collected from a vein, usually in your arm. The sample is processed to obtain serum or plasma, and the laboratory applies it to a special medium where proteins migrate and separate into bands. The gamma globulin band is then measured. No special preparation is usually required unless your doctor gives other instructions.

What the Results Mean

Results are interpreted together with your symptoms, physical exam, and other laboratory tests. Gamma globulin can be low, normal, or high. Low levels may be seen with some immune deficiencies, while high levels can occur with infections, inflammation, liver disease, or certain cancers of the antibody-producing cells. Your doctor will explain what your specific result means in your situation.