Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measurement via amniocentesis

Why is this test done?

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you’re at higher risk for certain birth defects, such as spina bifida or Down syndrome. It’s often part of a prenatal screening process, especially during the first or second trimester. Amniocentesis is a procedure where a small amount of amniotic fluid is taken from around the fetus for testing.

What does the test measure?

AFP is a protein produced by the fetus’s liver and yolk sac. Elevated levels in amniotic fluid may indicate neural tube defects (like spina bifida) or other genetic conditions. The test doesn’t diagnose a condition directly but can signal areas for further investigation.

How is the test performed?

Amniocentesis is done under ultrasound guidance. A small needle is inserted into the uterus to collect a small sample of amniotic fluid. The fluid is then tested for AFP and other markers. This procedure is typically done in a hospital or clinic setting under sterile conditions.

What are the possible results?

Results are interpreted in relation to your due date and other prenatal screening tests. Very high AFP levels may suggest a higher risk for neural tube defects, while very low levels could raise concerns about other conditions. Your healthcare provider will discuss the results with you and may recommend additional testing if needed.