Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Bromocresol Green Method)

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge and size. Key fractions include albumin (the most abundant protein, supporting blood volume and transport), globulins (antibodies and other proteins like alpha, beta, and gamma globulins), and sometimes fibrinogen (a clotting protein). These bands help assess overall protein health and identify specific protein deficiencies or excesses.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like fatigue, swelling, unexplained weight loss, or signs of organ dysfunction (e.g., liver or kidney issues). It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, chronic infections, or autoimmune diseases where protein levels are abnormal.

Common Uses and Conditions

This test is often used to diagnose or monitor conditions like chronic liver disease, kidney disease, infections (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), or certain cancers (e.g., lymphoma). It can also help evaluate protein malnutrition or detect rare genetic disorders affecting protein synthesis.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum (the liquid part after clotting) for analysis. The serum is mixed with a dye (bromocresol green) and placed in an electric field to separate proteins by size and charge. The separated proteins form visible bands on a gel.