Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

What Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis splits blood proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each zone contains proteins with distinct functions, such as antibodies, enzymes, and transport proteins. Abnormal patterns may reveal conditions affecting protein production or storage.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or if they suspect conditions like multiple myeloma, lymphoma, liver disease, or kidney problems. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress for certain blood disorders.

How Is This Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The serum (liquid part of blood without clots) is then placed in a gel and subjected to an electric current. Proteins move toward the opposite charge, creating distinct bands that can be analyzed under light.

What Are Common Findings?

Normal results show balanced protein bands. Abnormal findings might include a spike in gamma globulins (indicating high antibody levels), a reduced albumin band (suggesting liver or kidney issues), or unusual bands that could signal protein disorders.