Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)
This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using gel electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and charge.
["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 87969-2
- Short code
- Gram Stn Bld
- Synonyms
- Gram Stn Bld
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- whole-blood
- Container
- Lavender-top (EDTA)
- Units
- N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- gram-stain
- Specimen volume
- 3 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
- Hemolysis max
- 0
- Lipemia max
- 0
- Icterus max
- 0
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What This Test Measures
Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands (fractions) based on their electrical charge and molecular weight. Key fractions include albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions affecting protein production or breakdown.
Why It’s Done
Your doctor may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells), liver or kidney disease, or certain autoimmune disorders. It can also help evaluate protein malnutrition or detect unusual protein fragments.
Sample Collection and Preparation
A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm. The blood is then separated into serum (liquid after clotting) or plasma (liquid after anticoagulant use) for analysis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be required depending on clinical context.
What to Expect Before the Test
You may feel slight discomfort during the blood draw, but most people tolerate it well. Avoid heavy meals or strenuous activity 12 hours before the test if fasting is required. If you have a blood clot disorder, inform your provider beforehand.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
◆Associated findings1
Short name
Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
Abnormal protein patterns on electrophoresis can signal underlying health issues. For example, a spike in monoclonal proteins (M-spikes) may indicate multiple myeloma, while elevated alpha- or beta-globulins could suggest liver disease or inflammation. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.
How long will it take to get my results? Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times and your healthcare provider’s workflow.
Can I eat or drink before this test? Check with your provider, as fasting may be required for accurate results, but always confirm with them before the appointment.
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy