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Serum or Plasma Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, separated by size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution, which can signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.

Quick summary

["This test helps doctors check for unusual protein patterns that may indicate hidden health issues."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
87975-9
Short code
Gram Stn Islt
Synonyms
Gram Stn Islt
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
gram-stain
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Protein electrophoresis splits blood proteins into fractions, including albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins. Abnormal bands or shifts may appear if your body produces extra proteins or lacks normal ones.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of organ problems (e.g., liver or kidney). It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma or autoimmune diseases.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn, and the serum or plasma is placed in a gel. An electric current runs through the gel, causing proteins to move toward the opposite charge. A dye stains the proteins, revealing their distribution on a strip or slide.

What Are Common Findings?

Normal results show distinct bands for each protein group. Abnormal findings may include extra bands (e.g., monoclonal spikes), missing bands, or uneven distribution, which doctors interpret based on your symptoms and medical history.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does a ‘monoclonal spike’ mean in my results?
A monoclonal spike is an extra, abnormal band on the electrophoresis strip that suggests your body is producing too many identical proteins, often linked to conditions like multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Your doctor will discuss this with you further.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on your lab’s processing time. Your doctor will contact you once they’re ready to review them with you.
Can I eat or drink anything before this test?
No special preparation is needed for this test. However, if you’re taking blood thinners or have a history of bleeding disorders, let your doctor know before the procedure.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy