Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)

What Does This Test Measure?

Protein electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on their size and electrical charge. This includes albumin, globulins (such as immunoglobulins), and other proteins like fibrinogen. The results show how these proteins are distributed across the gel, which can reveal imbalances or specific protein patterns.

Why Is This Test Done?

Doctors order this test to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or changes in kidney/liver function. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or chronic inflammatory diseases.

Common Conditions Monitored

Abnormal patterns in electrophoresis can indicate conditions such as multiple myeloma (overproduction of abnormal antibodies), liver disease (altered albumin/globulin ratios), or kidney disease (protein loss in urine). It may also help detect hidden infections or metabolic disorders.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in the arm. The blood is then separated into serum (liquid after clotting) or plasma (liquid before clotting), depending on the test method. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised if your doctor specifies it.