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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in Serum

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is coated with sugar (glycated hemoglobin), reflecting your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months.

Quick summary

["HbA1c helps doctors track diabetes management and long-term blood sugar control."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
104410-6
Short code
HAV IgG sp2 Titr Ser IA
Synonyms
HAV IgG sp2 Titr Ser IA
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
82784
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What HbA1c Measures

HbA1c reflects how your blood sugar levels have been over time. Hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, naturally binds to glucose (sugar) in your blood. The longer your red blood cells circulate, the more they absorb sugar, forming glycated hemoglobin. This test quantifies that percentage to assess average blood sugar levels.

Why It’s Done

Doctors use HbA1c to diagnose diabetes, monitor treatment progress, and check for complications like nerve damage or kidney issues. It’s a key tool for people with diabetes or those at risk.

How It Works

Blood is drawn from a vein, and the serum (liquid part) is analyzed using HPLC to separate and measure glycated hemoglobin. This method is precise and avoids interference from recent blood sugar spikes.

What to Expect

You’ll have a quick blood draw, usually at a clinic or lab. No special prep is needed unless your doctor specifies. Results are compared to standard ranges to guide care.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

HbA1c is critical for diabetes management because it provides a snapshot of blood sugar control over months, unlike daily glucose checks. Low levels may indicate poor control, while high levels suggest uncontrolled diabetes or complications like neuropathy or retinopathy.

Short name

HbA1c (Serum)

Frequently asked questions

How often should I get an HbA1c test?
Typically, people with diabetes check their HbA1c every 3–6 months, while those at risk may need more frequent testing. Your doctor will tailor this based on your health and treatment plan.
What does an abnormal HbA1c result mean?
An HbA1c below 5.7% is normal, 5.7%–6.4% is prediabetes, and 6.5% or higher suggests diabetes. Abnormal results may prompt lifestyle changes, medication adjustments, or further testing to identify causes.
Can diet or exercise affect HbA1c results?
Yes! Diet, exercise, and weight management can lower HbA1c. Small, consistent changes—like reducing sugar intake or increasing physical activity—may improve long-term blood sugar control.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy