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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the percentage of hemoglobin molecules that are coated with sugar, reflecting your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months.

Quick summary

["HbA1c helps doctors assess long-term blood sugar control, especially important for people with diabetes."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
97152-3
Short code
HBc+HBe+p22cr Ag SerPl IA-aCnc
Synonyms
HBc+HBe+p22cr Ag SerPl IA-aCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is HbA1c Used For?

HbA1c is primarily used to diagnose diabetes (when levels are consistently high) and monitor how well diabetes is being managed. It’s a key tool for preventing complications like nerve damage or kidney disease.

How Is HbA1c Different from Daily Blood Sugar Checks?

Unlike quick fingerstick blood sugar tests, HbA1c gives a broader picture of your blood sugar trends over time, making it useful for long-term planning rather than immediate adjustments.

What Does a High or Low HbA1c Mean?

A high HbA1c (typically above 6.5%) suggests poor blood sugar control and may indicate diabetes or prediabetes. A low HbA1c (below 5.7%) is less common but could signal very strict control or other health factors.

How Is HbA1c Tested?

This test uses a blood sample (taken from your arm) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate hemoglobin types and calculate the percentage of hemoglobin bound to sugar.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance: HbA1c is critical for diabetes management because it directly links to long-term risks of complications like heart disease, nerve damage, or vision problems. Regular monitoring helps adjust medications or lifestyle to keep levels within safe ranges.

Short name

HbA1c

Frequently asked questions

Why might my HbA1c test be done?
Your doctor may order an HbA1c test if you have diabetes symptoms, a family history of diabetes, or if you’re at risk due to weight, age, or other health conditions. It’s also used during pregnancy to monitor blood sugar levels.
How often should I get an HbA1c test?
For people with diabetes, HbA1c tests are typically done every 2–3 months to track progress. Your doctor may adjust frequency based on your treatment plan or health status.
Can HbA1c be affected by other health conditions?
Yes, conditions like anemia, kidney disease, or certain medications (e.g., blood thinners) can sometimes alter HbA1c results. Always discuss your results with your healthcare provider.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy