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Serum Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by Electrophoresis

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose over the past 2–3 months, helping assess long-term blood sugar control.

Quick summary

["This test tracks how well your blood sugar has been managed over time."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
5189-6
Short code
HBV e Ab Ser IA-aCnc
Synonyms
HBV e Ab Ser IA-aCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why Is This Test Done?

Doctors use HbA1c to diagnose diabetes, monitor treatment effectiveness, and check for long-term blood sugar control in people with diabetes or prediabetes. It’s a key tool for managing chronic conditions like type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

How Is the Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from your arm. The sample is processed to separate hemoglobin components, then analyzed using electrophoresis to determine the proportion of hemoglobin bound to glucose.

What Do Results Mean?

Results are reported as a percentage. While specific ranges vary by lab, higher percentages generally indicate poorer blood sugar control. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your overall health and treatment plan.

Common Reasons for Testing

This test is often ordered at diagnosis of diabetes, during routine check-ups, or when managing symptoms like frequent urination, excessive thirst, or unexplained weight changes.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HbA1c Serum

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get my HbA1c results?
Results are typically available within 1–2 weeks, depending on lab processing times. Your doctor will contact you once they’re ready.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special preparation is needed. However, if you’re fasting for another test, confirm with your doctor whether this test requires fasting.
Does this test show if I have diabetes right now?
No, HbA1c measures long-term blood sugar trends. A single test alone may not diagnose diabetes; your doctor will use clinical judgment, symptoms, and other factors to make a diagnosis.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy