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Hemoglobin Variants by Electrophoresis (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures different forms of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Variations can indicate genetic conditions or blood disorders.

Quick summary

["Identifies abnormal hemoglobin types that may signal hereditary blood diseases or other health concerns."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
5196-1
Short code
HBV surface Ag SerPl Ql IA
Synonyms
HBV surface Ag SerPl Ql IA
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
0
Ref high
5
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
82378
SNOMED
394995008
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is Measured?

The test detects multiple hemoglobin variants, including common types like HbA, HbA₂, and less common variants (e.g., HbS, HbC, HbE). These variants arise from genetic mutations affecting hemoglobin structure.

Why Is This Test Done?

Doctors may order this test to diagnose conditions like sickle cell disease, thalassemia, or other inherited blood disorders. It’s also used in research or specialized care for patients with unexplained anemia or abnormal blood tests.

Sample Collection and Preparation

Blood is drawn from a vein, and the serum or plasma is separated for analysis. Electrophoresis separates hemoglobin variants based on their electrical charge, allowing for precise identification.

Common Conditions Linked to This Test

Abnormal hemoglobin variants can cause symptoms like fatigue, pain, or anemia. For example, HbS (sickle cell hemoglobin) leads to sickle cell disease, while HbC variants may cause mild to moderate anemia.

Reference range

Non-smokers: <2.5 ng/mL; Smokers: <5.0 ng/mLN/A

Specimen: serum

No special preparation required. For PSA, avoid sexual activity for 24-48 hours before the test.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Hb Variants

Frequently asked questions

What does a ‘positive’ or abnormal result mean?
An abnormal result indicates the presence of unusual hemoglobin types. This may mean you have a genetic condition affecting your blood cells, such as sickle cell trait or thalassemia. Your healthcare provider will discuss next steps, including further testing or genetic counseling.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on lab processing. Your doctor will contact you with findings once they are ready.
Can I fast before this test?
No fasting is required for this test. Blood is drawn at a time convenient for you, and the sample is processed immediately.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy