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Bicarbonate Ion Concentration in Blood (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the amount of bicarbonate, a key chemical in your blood that helps balance acidity and alkalinity.

Quick summary

["Bicarbonate helps regulate your body’s pH and is vital for normal metabolism and organ function."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
1959-6
Short code
HCO3 Bld-sCnc
Synonyms
HCO3 Bld-sCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Ref low
22
Ref high
28
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters

Your body maintains a delicate balance of acids and bases to keep your blood chemistry stable. Bicarbonate is one of the main ways your body does this. Abnormal levels can signal conditions like metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, which may affect how your heart, kidneys, or other organs work.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. If you’re on blood thinners, let your provider know before the test.

What the Results Mean

Results are usually reported as a concentration value (e.g., millimoles per liter). Lower than normal levels may indicate too much acid in your blood, while higher levels may suggest too much base. Your doctor will interpret these results in relation to your overall health and symptoms.

Common Conditions Linked to Bicarbonate Levels

Changes in bicarbonate can be linked to conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, or certain medications. It may also appear in people with severe vomiting, diarrhea, or respiratory issues.

Reference range

NCBI: HCO3- 22-28 mmol/LN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Abnormal bicarbonate levels can affect your body’s ability to function properly. For example, low bicarbonate may cause fatigue, confusion, or irregular heartbeat, while high levels could lead to muscle spasms or rapid breathing. Always discuss your results with your healthcare provider.

Short name

Bicarbonate Level

Frequently asked questions

What triggers a bicarbonate test?
Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unusual fatigue, confusion, shortness of breath, or if they suspect an acid-base imbalance. It’s also sometimes checked alongside other blood tests to monitor conditions like kidney disease or metabolic disorders.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within a few days, depending on your lab’s processing time. Your doctor will contact you once they have the full report.
Can lifestyle changes affect bicarbonate levels?
Yes, diet and hydration can influence bicarbonate levels. For example, eating high-sodium foods or drinking too much water may temporarily alter your results. Always follow your doctor’s advice regarding test timing and preparation.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy