Bicarbonate concentration in whole blood (electrolyte measurement)

What Does This Test Measure?

Bicarbonate is a critical buffer in your blood, helping to neutralize acids and maintain a stable pH. Your body tightly controls bicarbonate levels to prevent conditions like acidosis or alkalosis, which can affect how your heart, lungs, and other organs work. This test is often used alongside other blood chemistry tests to assess overall acid-base balance.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Doctors may order this test if you have symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, or muscle weakness—common signs of imbalanced acid-base levels. It’s also used in monitoring conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, or severe dehydration, where bicarbonate levels can change.

How Is the Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The sample is sent to a lab where it’s analyzed to measure bicarbonate concentration. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be required depending on your specific test order.

What Are Common Results?

Results are reported as a concentration value (typically in millimoles per liter, mmol/L). While exact ranges vary by lab, low bicarbonate may indicate acidosis, while high levels could suggest alkalosis. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your overall health.