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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is coated with sugar (glycated hemoglobin), reflecting your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months.

Quick summary

["HbA1c helps doctors track diabetes management and long-term blood sugar control."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
48068-1
Short code
Heinz Bod Bld Ql
Synonyms
Heinz Bod Bld Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What HbA1c Tests Measure

HbA1c reflects how your blood sugar levels have been managed over time. It binds to red blood cells, which have a lifespan of about 3–4 months, so it provides a snapshot of your average glucose levels during that period. This test is particularly useful for diagnosing diabetes and assessing treatment effectiveness.

How the Test Works

The test uses high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate and measure the different types of hemoglobin, including the glycated form (HbA1c). This method ensures accurate and reliable results.

Why It Matters for Your Health

Regular HbA1c testing is critical for people with diabetes to monitor progress toward their treatment goals. It also helps identify potential complications early, such as nerve damage or kidney issues, by showing long-term blood sugar trends.

Common Uses of HbA1c

Doctors use HbA1c to diagnose type 1 or type 2 diabetes, evaluate how well diabetes medications or lifestyle changes are working, and adjust treatment plans as needed.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HbA1c

Frequently asked questions

How often should I get an HbA1c test?
If you have diabetes, your healthcare provider will likely recommend testing every 3–6 months. For people at high risk of diabetes (e.g., with prediabetes or family history), testing may be advised annually or as recommended by your doctor.
What does an HbA1c result mean?
Results are typically reported as a percentage. A result below 5.7% is generally considered normal, while 5.7%–6.4% indicates prediabetes. A result of 6.5% or higher suggests diabetes. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your overall health.
Can lifestyle changes affect HbA1c results?
Yes! Improving diet, increasing physical activity, and managing stress can help lower HbA1c levels over time. Consistent monitoring and collaboration with your healthcare team are key to maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy