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Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (Sickle Cell Screening)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the types of hemoglobin in your blood to help identify conditions like sickle cell disease or other hemoglobin disorders.

Quick summary

["It helps doctors diagnose and monitor blood disorders by checking how different hemoglobin varieties behave under electric fields."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
4566-6
Short code
Hgb Chesap Bld Ql Elph Alk
Synonyms
Hgb Chesap Bld Ql Elph Alk
Category
hematology
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Ref low
3.5
Ref high
5
Critical range
7 N/A – 20 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis-ph
CPT
84132
SNOMED
110742001
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is the Test For?

Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The electrophoresis test separates hemoglobin into its different types based on how they move through a gel when exposed to an electric current. This helps identify abnormal hemoglobin forms, such as sickle hemoglobin (HbS), which can cause sickle cell disease.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Doctors may order this test if you have symptoms like fatigue, pain in bones or joints, frequent infections, or if you have a family history of sickle cell disease. It’s also used in newborn screening programs.

What Does the Test Involve?

A small blood sample is taken from your arm. The blood is then placed in a gel and subjected to an electric current. Different hemoglobin types move at different speeds, creating bands that can be analyzed under a microscope or with imaging technology.

Sample Collection and Preparation

The test uses whole blood drawn from a vein. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may not be required unless your doctor specifies otherwise.

Reference range

Adult: 3.5-5.0 mmol/LN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Sickle Cell Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What Are Common Results?
A normal result shows typical hemoglobin bands without significant sickle or abnormal forms. An abnormal result may show extra bands (like sickle hemoglobin) or missing bands (like in thalassemia). Your doctor will interpret results based on your symptoms and medical history.
How Long Does It Take to Get Results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 72 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your doctor will contact you once results are ready.
Are There Any Risks or Side Effects?
The most common risk is a mild bruise or soreness at the needle insertion site. Rarely, there may be slight swelling or redness. Most side effects are minor and resolve quickly.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy