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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the distribution of different protein fractions in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
4568-2
Short code
Hgb CSp Bld Ql Elph Alk
Synonyms
Hgb CSp Bld Ql Elph Alk
Category
hematology
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Ref low
3.5
Ref high
5
Critical range
7 N/A – 20 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis-ph
CPT
84132
SNOMED
110742001
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates serum proteins into five main bands: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (immunoglobulins). Each band reflects the concentration of specific proteins, which can vary with health conditions.

Why It’s Done

Your doctor may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells), chronic liver disease, or immune system disorders like rheumatoid arthritis.

Sample Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The serum is then separated from blood cells and prepared for electrophoresis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your doctor’s instructions.

Common Conditions Evaluated

Abnormal patterns in protein electrophoresis can reveal issues like elevated or low levels of specific proteins, which may indicate inflammation, infections, genetic disorders, or malignancies.

Reference range

Adult: 3.5-5.0 mmol/LN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Qualitative Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does a normal result mean?
A normal result shows balanced protein distribution across the five bands, with typical concentrations for your age and health status. However, individual reference ranges can vary, so results should always be interpreted by a healthcare provider.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times and your healthcare provider’s workflow.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Follow your doctor’s instructions, but generally, no special diet is required unless specified. Avoid alcohol or certain medications that may affect protein levels before testing.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy