Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis with bromocresol purple staining

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis splits blood proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each zone contains proteins with distinct roles, such as transporting nutrients, fighting infection, or maintaining fluid balance. Abnormal shifts in these zones may reveal underlying health concerns.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or if they suspect conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, kidney problems, or autoimmune disorders. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress in certain diseases.

How Is This Test Done?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is placed in a gel-like substance and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to move toward opposite charges. After staining with bromocresol purple, the bands are analyzed under a microscope to assess protein distribution.

What Does the Test Result Mean?

Results show the relative amounts of each protein zone. A normal pattern has balanced bands, while abnormal patterns (e.g., a prominent gamma band) may indicate conditions like monoclonal gammopathy or liver disease. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.