Hemoglobin Fraction Analysis by Electrophoresis (Serum/Plasma)

What Does This Test Measure?

Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Your blood contains several types of hemoglobin, including hemoglobin A (the most common), hemoglobin A2, and fetal hemoglobin. This test uses electrophoresis to separate these hemoglobin fractions for analysis. Electrophoresis is a method that sorts molecules based on their electrical charge and size, allowing doctors to see how different hemoglobin types are present in your blood.

Why Might Your Doctor Order This Test?

Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms like fatigue, pale skin, unusual bruising, or if they suspect conditions such as thalassemia, sickle cell disease, or other hemoglobinopathies. It can also be used during pregnancy to check fetal hemoglobin levels or in research settings to study hemoglobin variants.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate the serum or plasma, which is sent to the lab for electrophoresis. This process does not require any special preparation on your part, but you should avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the test if instructed.

How the Results Are Interpreted

The results show the proportions of different hemoglobin types. For example, an abnormal increase in fetal hemoglobin might suggest conditions like thalassemia or sickle cell disease. Your doctor will compare these results to your symptoms and other test findings to make a diagnosis.