Serum Protein Electrophoresis with Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Bromocresol Green (BCG) Staining

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma, chronic liver disease, or kidney problems. It can also help assess protein imbalances after treatments like chemotherapy or radiation. Sometimes, it’s used as part of a broader workup for unexplained symptoms like fatigue, swelling, or unexplained weight changes.

How the Test Works

A small blood sample is drawn, and the serum (liquid part of blood) is separated. The serum is then placed in a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to move at different speeds based on their size and charge. Stains like BCP and BCG highlight specific protein bands, which are then analyzed to identify patterns or abnormalities.

What to Expect Before the Test

There are usually no special preparations needed. You may have a slight bruise or soreness at the needle site, but this typically fades quickly. If you’re on blood-thinning medication or have a bleeding disorder, let your doctor know before the test.

Possible Results and Next Steps

Results may show normal protein distribution or reveal unusual bands or patterns, such as spikes (e.g., monoclonal gammopathy) or reduced albumin levels. Your doctor will interpret the results in the context of your symptoms and medical history. Follow-up tests or treatments may be recommended if abnormalities are found.