Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (for Hemoglobin Subtype Analysis)

What Does This Test Measure?

Hemoglobin electrophoresis separates hemoglobin molecules based on their electrical charge. This process identifies variations in hemoglobin structure, such as normal hemoglobin A, abnormal hemoglobin S (common in sickle cell trait/disease), or other variants like C, E, or D. The test detects these differences by showing bands on an electric field, each representing a distinct hemoglobin type.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like fatigue, pain, frequent infections, or if you have a family history of blood disorders. It’s also used to confirm diagnoses like sickle cell disease, thalassemia, or other hemoglobinopathies.

How Is the Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The blood is then mixed with a special solution and placed on a gel strip. An electric current is applied to separate hemoglobin types, creating visible bands. The results are compared to standard patterns to identify any abnormalities.

What Are Common Findings?

Normal results show a dominant band of hemoglobin A, with minor bands of other hemoglobins. Abnormal findings may show prominent bands of hemoglobin S, C, or other variants, indicating a specific blood disorder.