Skip to content

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (for Hemoglobin Subtype Analysis)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of hemoglobin in your blood using electrophoresis, a technique that separates hemoglobin variants based on their electrical charge.

Quick summary

["Helps identify unusual hemoglobin forms that may cause anemia or other blood disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
4587-2
Short code
Hgb H MFr Bld Elph
Synonyms
Hgb H MFr Bld Elph
Category
hematology
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Ref low
12
Ref high
17.5
Critical range
7 N/A – 20 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis
CPT
85018
SNOMED
900000000000003004
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates hemoglobin into its components—such as hemoglobin A, A2, F, and variants like S, C, or D—based on how they move in an electric field. This helps detect conditions like sickle cell disease, thalassemia, or other hemoglobinopathies.

Why It’s Done

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like fatigue, pale skin, or unusual blood test results. It’s also used in newborn screening or before certain surgeries to check for inherited blood disorders.

Sample Collection

A small blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm. The blood is processed to separate hemoglobin variants for analysis.

What to Expect

The process is quick and usually painless. You may feel slight discomfort, but no special preparation is needed beyond standard blood draw precautions.

Reference range

Adult males: 13.5-17.5 g/dL; Females: 12.0-16.0 g/dLN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Abnormal hemoglobin patterns can indicate inherited blood disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia, thalassemia) or acquired conditions (e.g., certain cancers or metabolic disorders). Early detection allows for better management and treatment options.

Short name

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What causes abnormal hemoglobin results?
Abnormal results may be due to genetic mutations, chronic diseases, or exposure to certain medications or toxins. Your doctor will discuss findings with you based on your symptoms and medical history.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up with your healthcare provider is recommended to interpret results in context.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet is required, but avoid caffeine or alcohol before the blood draw if instructed by your provider.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy