Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)
This test measures the distribution of different protein fractions in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.
["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 4592-2
- Short code
- Hgb Hope Bld Ql Elph Alk
- Synonyms
- Hgb Hope Bld Ql Elph Alk
- Category
- hematology
- Sample
- whole-blood
- Container
- Lavender-top (EDTA)
- Units
- N/A
- Ref low
- 3.5
- Ref high
- 5
- Critical range
- 7 N/A – 20 N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- electrophoresis-ph
- CPT
- 84132
- SNOMED
- 110742001
- Specimen volume
- 3 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
- Hemolysis max
- 0
- Lipemia max
- 0
- Icterus max
- 0
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What Proteins Does This Test Measure?
Electrophoresis splits serum proteins into bands corresponding to albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (immunoglobulins). Abnormal band patterns may indicate conditions affecting protein production or breakdown.
How Is This Test Performed?
A blood sample is drawn, serum is separated, and proteins are applied to a gel. An electric current causes proteins to migrate toward the opposite electrode, creating distinct bands that are visualized and analyzed.
When Might You Need This Test?
Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of organ dysfunction, or if they suspect conditions like multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or chronic liver disease.
What Are Common Conditions Linked to Abnormal Results?
Abnormal results may show increased or decreased levels of specific protein fractions. For example, elevated gamma globulins could suggest immune disorders, while abnormal albumin levels may point to liver or kidney issues.
Reference range
Adult: 3.5-5.0 mmol/LN/A
No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
This test is primarily used to diagnose or monitor conditions affecting protein synthesis, distribution, or degradation. It helps identify systemic diseases like multiple myeloma, where monoclonal proteins (M proteins) may appear, or conditions causing chronic inflammation or liver disease.
Short name
Qual Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
Why was this test ordered for me?
What does it mean if my test results show unusual bands or patterns?
Can I prepare for this test in any special way?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy