Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)
This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using a technique called electrophoresis. It helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may suggest conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.
["Electrophoresis helps doctors spot unusual protein levels that could signal serious health issues."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 4605-2
- Short code
- Hgb Lepore Bld Ql Elph Alk
- Synonyms
- Hgb Lepore Bld Ql Elph Alk
- Category
- hematology
- Sample
- whole-blood
- Container
- Lavender-top (EDTA)
- Units
- N/A
- Ref low
- 3.5
- Ref high
- 5
- Critical range
- 7 N/A – 20 N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- electrophoresis-ph
- CPT
- 84132
- SNOMED
- 110742001
- Specimen volume
- 3 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
- Hemolysis max
- 0
- Lipemia max
- 0
- Icterus max
- 0
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
What This Test Measures
Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge. This reveals the relative amounts of albumin, globulins (including alpha, beta, and gamma fractions), and other proteins. Abnormal bands or ratios may indicate underlying health concerns.
Why It’s Done
Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of organ dysfunction (e.g., liver or kidney issues). It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or chronic inflammatory diseases.
How It Works
A small blood sample is drawn and mixed with a special solution. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to move toward the opposite charge. A gel or paper strip captures the separated proteins, which are then stained and visualized for analysis.
Preparation
No special preparation is needed, but fasting may not be required unless your doctor specifies. Wear a hospital gown for comfort during the draw.
Reference range
Adult: 3.5-5.0 mmol/LN/A
No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
Abnormal protein patterns can signal conditions like multiple myeloma (excess monoclonal proteins), liver disease (reduced albumin), or chronic infections (increased gamma globulins). It’s also used to track disease progression or response to treatment.
Short name
Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
What causes abnormal protein results?
How long does it take to get results?
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy