Serum or plasma hemoglobin electrophoresis (qualitative)

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates hemoglobin into bands based on their electrical charge. Normal hemoglobin (HbA) typically appears as the dominant band, while abnormal variants may appear as distinct bands or altered patterns. This test is qualitative, meaning it provides a general classification rather than precise measurements of each component.

How the Test Is Performed

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate hemoglobin components. The separated hemoglobin is applied to a gel or paper and subjected to an electric current, causing the different hemoglobin types to migrate at different rates, forming visible bands.

Why It’s Ordered

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like fatigue, pain, or signs of anemia, or if you have a family history of hemoglobin disorders. It’s also used to screen or confirm conditions like sickle cell disease, thalassemia, or other inherited blood disorders.

Possible Results and Interpretation

The result will show the relative amounts of different hemoglobin types. Normal results typically show a dominant band for HbA with minor bands for other hemoglobin variants. Abnormal patterns may indicate the presence of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), fetal hemoglobin (HbF), or other variants that require further evaluation.