Serum or plasma hemoglobin electrophoresis (qualitative)

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates hemoglobin molecules into bands based on their electrical charge. Normal hemoglobin (HbA) typically appears as the most prominent band, while abnormal variants (e.g., HbS in sickle cell trait, HbC, or fetal hemoglobin) may appear as distinct bands or altered patterns. This test detects qualitative differences in hemoglobin composition.

Why It’s Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like fatigue, pain, or frequent infections that suggest a blood disorder. It’s also used to confirm or screen for conditions like sickle cell disease, thalassemia, or other hemoglobinopathies, especially in individuals with a family history of these disorders.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The sample is processed to separate serum or plasma, which is then analyzed using electrophoresis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may not be required unless specified by your provider.

Common Conditions Monitored

This test is primarily used to diagnose or confirm hemoglobin disorders, such as sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, or other inherited blood conditions that alter hemoglobin structure. It may also help assess treatment responses in patients with known hemoglobinopathies.