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Hemoglobin Sphenoid (HbS) Quantification in Blood

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the amount of hemoglobin S (HbS), a variant of hemoglobin found in red blood cells, which can cause conditions like sickle cell disease.

Quick summary

["Assessing your risk for sickle cell traits or disease by checking for abnormal hemoglobin types."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
107191-9
Short code
Hgb sp1 Stl gastro-mCnc
Synonyms
Hgb sp1 Stl gastro-mCnc
Category
hematology
Sample
stool
Container
Clean container
Units
N/A
Ref low
10
Ref high
40
Critical range
7 N/A – 20 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
84484
SNOMED
302774002
Specimen volume
5 g
Stability
Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters

HbS is a genetic variant of hemoglobin that can lead to serious blood disorders if inherited. This test helps identify whether you carry the HbS gene or have a higher-than-normal concentration of HbS in your blood, which may indicate a genetic predisposition to sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait.

How the Test Works

Blood is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The sample is then analyzed to detect and quantify HbS using advanced laboratory techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or similar methods.

Preparation and Sample Collection

No special preparation is usually needed, but you may be asked to fast or avoid certain medications. A healthcare provider will insert a needle into your arm to collect a small amount of blood. This process is quick and usually painless.

What to Expect After the Test

After the blood draw, you may feel slight discomfort or bruising at the site. You can resume normal activities immediately. Results are typically available within a few days and will be reviewed by your healthcare provider.

Reference range

Adult: 10-40 U/LN/A

Specimen: stool

No special preparation required. Avoid fatty meals before the test if possible.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HbS Level Test

Frequently asked questions

What does an abnormal HbS level mean?
An abnormal result may suggest you carry the HbS gene or have a higher-than-normal concentration of HbS. This could mean you have sickle cell trait (a mild condition) or sickle cell disease (a more severe condition). Your healthcare provider will discuss next steps, such as genetic testing or further evaluation.
Can diet or lifestyle changes affect HbS levels?
Diet and lifestyle factors generally do not directly alter HbS levels, as these are determined by genetic inheritance. However, managing chronic conditions related to sickle cell disease (e.g., hydration, avoiding dehydration) can help prevent complications.
Is this test painful?
The blood draw itself may cause mild discomfort, but it is a quick and routine procedure. Most people tolerate it well. If you have a fear of needles, let your healthcare provider know so they can take extra precautions.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy