Histological examination of cancer tissue (pathology evaluation)

Why is this test done?

Doctors may recommend this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, persistent lumps, unusual bleeding, or if you have a family history of cancer. It’s also used before surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy to plan treatment. Sometimes, it’s done to confirm a diagnosis after other tests, like imaging scans, show suspicious areas.

How is the tissue sample collected?

A small piece of tissue is taken from the suspected cancer area using a needle (biopsy) or surgically removed. The sample is then sent to a lab where pathologists study it under a microscope to identify abnormal cells. Common methods include fine-needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, or surgical excision.

What happens during the lab process?

Once received, the tissue is fixed, sliced into thin sections, and stained with dyes to highlight different cell structures. Pathologists examine these slides to look for cancer cells, their patterns, and any signs of metastasis (spread to other parts of the body). Advanced techniques, like immunohistochemistry, may also be used to identify specific proteins associated with cancer types.

How long does it take to get results?

Results are typically available within 1 to 2 weeks, depending on the complexity of the sample and the lab’s workload. In some cases, especially if additional tests or consultations are needed, results may take longer.