HIV-1 Antibody and p24 Antigen Screening and Confirmation Test (Serum/Plasma)

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have symptoms of HIV, such as fever, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss, or if you’ve had unprotected sex or shared needles. It’s also used as part of routine testing for people at higher risk of HIV, such as those with multiple sexual partners or a history of sexually transmitted infections.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll likely have a simple blood draw from a vein in your arm. The blood sample is tested for both HIV antibodies (which develop after initial infection) and the p24 antigen (found in early stages of infection). Results are available quickly, often within minutes for screening, and confirmed results may take a few days.

What the Results Mean

A positive screening result means you should follow up with a confirmatory test (like a Western blot or fourth-generation immunoassay) to confirm HIV infection. A negative result means you are not currently infected with HIV, but you should still practice safe sex and avoid sharing needles to lower your risk.

What Happens If You Test Positive?

If your test is positive, your healthcare provider will work with you to start immediate treatment and connect you with support services, such as counseling, medical care, and access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) to manage the virus.