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HIV Antibody and Antigen Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies and antigens related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), helping identify if you have been exposed to the virus.

Quick summary

["Determines HIV infection status through antibody and antigen detection in a blood sample."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
95523-7
Short code
HIV 1 + 2 Ab Pnl SerPl IA
Synonyms
HIV 1 + 2 Ab Pnl SerPl IA
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for two key markers: HIV antibodies (produced by your immune system after infection) and HIV antigens (proteins from the virus itself). Together, they help confirm whether HIV is present in your blood.

How the Test Works

Blood is drawn and processed to separate serum or plasma, where the test detects specific proteins or antibodies using immunoassay methods. This helps distinguish between recent and past infections.

Why It’s Done

Doctors may order this test to screen for HIV during routine check-ups, after potential exposure (like unprotected sex or sharing needles), or as part of ongoing care for HIV prevention or treatment.

Preparation and Process

No special preparation is needed. A blood sample is taken from a vein, usually in your arm. The lab processes the sample to analyze for HIV markers, which can take a few days to a week for results.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HIV Test (Screen/Confirm)

Frequently asked questions

If positive, this test confirms HIV infection, prompting immediate medical evaluation for treatment, support, and managing potential complications. Early detection improves long-term health outcomes and access to life-saving therapies.
Positive results mean you have HIV and should consult a healthcare provider right away for next steps, including treatment options and support services.
Negative results indicate no current HIV infection, but repeated testing is recommended if you’ve had risk factors recently.
False negatives can occur if tested too early after exposure. If you suspect exposure, retest within 4–6 weeks for accuracy.
This test does not provide information about your immune system’s strength or viral load; those are measured in separate tests.
If you’re pregnant, HIV testing is crucial for both you and your baby. Discuss results with your healthcare provider to explore protective measures.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy