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HIV Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening test checks for HIV antibodies that may indicate past or current infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
95524-5
Short code
HIV 1 & 2 Ab SerPl IA
Synonyms
HIV 1 & 2 Ab SerPl IA
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for HIV antibodies in your blood or plasma. Antibodies are proteins your immune system makes to fight infections. If your body has been exposed to HIV, it may produce these antibodies. This test is designed to detect the presence of these antibodies, which can occur weeks to months after infection.

How the Test Works

The test uses an immunoassay method to identify HIV antibodies. A small sample of your blood or plasma is collected and analyzed to check for specific markers that indicate exposure to HIV. This is typically done through a lab process that detects these markers with high sensitivity and accuracy.

Why It’s Done

Healthcare providers often recommend this test as part of routine health check-ups, especially if you are at higher risk for HIV (e.g., sexually active without protection, intravenous drug use, or living with someone who has HIV). It can also be used during pregnancy to screen for HIV infection.

Preparation

No special preparation is needed for this test. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood, or a fingerstick may be used for a quick sample. You can eat and drink normally before the test.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your blood contains antibodies to HIV, which strongly suggests you have been infected. However, it can take time for these antibodies to develop after infection, so a negative result does not always mean you are not infected. Follow-up testing may be recommended to confirm the result.
What does a negative result mean?
A negative result means your blood did not contain detectable HIV antibodies at the time of testing. This does not guarantee you are not infected, as it may take weeks or months for antibodies to appear. If you suspect you may have been exposed to HIV, discuss further testing with your healthcare provider.
How soon can I get results?
Results are usually available within 1 to 3 business days. Your healthcare provider will explain the results and next steps, such as additional testing if needed.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy