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HIV Antibody and Antigen Combination Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects both HIV antibodies and the virus itself in your blood or saliva to help determine if you have an active HIV infection.

Quick summary

["A single test can screen for HIV infection and confirm results quickly, often within minutes."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
110802-6
Short code
HIV1 Ab Msmt Sal
Synonyms
HIV1 Ab Msmt Sal
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters

Early detection of HIV is crucial for managing the infection effectively. This test combines antibody and antigen detection to provide a comprehensive assessment, helping healthcare providers identify HIV sooner and guide treatment decisions promptly.

How the Test Works

The test uses a qualitative immunoassay method to detect HIV antibodies (produced by your immune system after infection) and the HIV p24 antigen (a protein from the virus itself). If either is present, it indicates possible HIV exposure.

Sample Collection

For this test, either blood (collected from a vein) or saliva is used. Blood samples are typically drawn from a vein in your arm, while saliva can be collected by spitting into a container. The test can be performed on both serum (liquid part of blood) and plasma (blood without clotting factors).

Test Results Interpretation

Results are generally reported as positive, negative, or indeterminate. A positive result means you likely have HIV and should seek medical advice immediately. A negative result means you do not currently have detectable HIV, but follow-up testing may be recommended if you suspect exposure.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HIV Combo Test

Frequently asked questions

What does this test measure?
This test measures the presence of HIV antibodies and the HIV p24 antigen in your blood or saliva. Antibodies develop after infection, while the p24 antigen can appear earlier in the infection process. Together, they help confirm HIV infection and guide next steps for treatment and care.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result strongly suggests you have HIV. It is essential to consult your healthcare provider right away to discuss next steps, which may include starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) to manage the infection and improve your health.
How soon can I get results?
Results are typically available within minutes to a few hours, depending on the testing facility. If you receive a positive result, follow-up testing may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and ensure proper care begins immediately.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy