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HIV-1 Antibody and Antigen Combination Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects both HIV-1 antibodies and viral antigens in your blood to help determine if you have an active HIV infection.

Quick summary

["Early detection of HIV infection with this rapid screening test."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
44531-2
Short code
HIV1 Ag Ser Donr Ql
Synonyms
HIV1 Ag Ser Donr Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for two key components: HIV-1 antibodies, which develop after infection but may take weeks to months to appear, and HIV-1 antigens (like p24 protein), which can be detected sooner if the virus is actively replicating. Together, they provide a more comprehensive picture than either alone.

Why It’s Performed

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms of HIV (like fever, fatigue, or swollen lymph nodes), have risk factors for HIV, or are part of a screening program. It’s also used to confirm or rule out HIV in suspected cases.

How the Test Works

The test uses a blood sample (serum or plasma) and an immunoassay method to detect either antibodies or antigens. If both are present, it strongly suggests active HIV infection. If only antibodies are found, it may indicate past infection or exposure.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll have a small needle inserted to draw blood from a vein, usually in your arm. The process takes about 5 minutes, and you may feel a brief pinch. If you’re nervous, let your provider know.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HIV-1 Ag/Ab Combo

Frequently asked questions

How soon can I get results?
Results are typically available within 24 hours. If the test is positive, further testing (like a confirmatory assay) will be needed to confirm HIV infection. If negative, it means you likely do not have HIV at that time.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your blood contains detectable HIV-1 antigens or antibodies, strongly suggesting active infection. You’ll need follow-up testing and medical evaluation to manage treatment and support.
Can I still have HIV if this test is negative?
Yes, if you have risk factors for HIV, a negative result means you likely do not have an active infection at that time. However, HIV can take weeks to months to develop detectable antibodies, so repeated testing may be advised if you’ve had recent exposure.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy