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HIV Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma) – Immunoassay

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you may have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["Screening for HIV antibodies to assess potential exposure or infection status."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
12893-4
Short code
HIV1 gp105 Ab Ser Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV1 gp105 Ab Ser Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for HIV antibodies in your blood or plasma. These antibodies are produced by your immune system after exposure to HIV. The presence of these antibodies suggests past or current infection, though results alone cannot confirm active infection without further testing.

How the Test Works

This test uses an immunoassay method to detect specific antibodies against HIV proteins (such as gp105). The sample is tested for the presence of these antibodies, which may indicate exposure to the virus.

Why It’s Ordered

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have risk factors for HIV (e.g., unprotected sex, shared needles, or exposure in a healthcare setting), symptoms of infection, or if you’re part of a screening program.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a blood draw from a vein in your arm. If you’re concerned about pain, let your provider know they may use a smaller needle or apply a numbing cream.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

How soon can I get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 72 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up instructions will be provided by your healthcare provider.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result suggests you may have been exposed to HIV, but it does not confirm active infection. You’ll need additional testing (like a viral load or confirmatory antibody test) to determine if you have HIV.
Can I have HIV if my test is negative?
Yes, it’s possible if you were infected recently (within weeks to months). If you suspect exposure, discuss retesting with your provider, especially if symptoms develop or you’re at ongoing risk.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy