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HIV-1 gp120 Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the gp120 protein of HIV-1, a key part of the virus’s outer layer. It helps screen for past or current HIV infection by identifying the body’s immune response.

Quick summary

["This screening test checks for HIV antibodies in your blood or plasma to help determine if you’ve been exposed to the virus."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
35441-5
Short code
HIV1 gp120 Ab Sal Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV1 gp120 Ab Sal Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for antibodies specific to the gp120 protein of HIV-1, which is part of the virus’s envelope. These antibodies are produced by your immune system in response to infection. The presence of these antibodies suggests exposure to HIV, though they may take weeks to months to develop after infection.

How the Test Works

This test uses an immunoassay method to detect antibodies in your blood or plasma. A small sample is tested to identify whether your immune system has recognized and fought off HIV-1 by producing antibodies against its gp120 protein.

Why It’s Done

Doctors may order this test as part of routine screening, especially for high-risk groups (e.g., sexually active individuals, those with multiple sexual partners, or those with known exposure to HIV). It can also be used during pregnancy, before organ transplants, or as part of ongoing monitoring for HIV.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a small needle inserted to draw blood from a vein in your arm. If testing plasma, a similar procedure is used. The process usually takes a few minutes, and you can resume normal activities afterward.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV gp120 Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

When Might I Get False Results?
False positives can happen due to cross-reactions with other viruses or medications. False negatives are less common but may occur if infection is very recent (within weeks) or if the test was done too early after exposure.
What Does a Positive Result Mean?
A positive result means your blood test detected antibodies to HIV-1 gp120, which could indicate past or current infection. You’ll likely need further testing to confirm and guide next steps, such as starting treatment or counseling.
How Soon Can I Get Results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on your lab. Follow-up instructions from your healthcare provider will guide next steps, such as additional testing or counseling.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy