Skip to content

HIV-1 gp120 Antibody Screening (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the gp120 protein of HIV-1, a key marker used to screen for HIV infection in your blood or plasma.

Quick summary

["This screening helps identify if your immune system has produced antibodies against HIV-1, which may indicate past or current infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
44532-0
Short code
HIV1 gp120 Ab Ser Ql
Synonyms
HIV1 gp120 Ab Ser Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have risk factors for HIV (e.g., unprotected sex, shared needles, or exposure to HIV), symptoms of infection, or if you’re part of a routine screening program. It’s often the first step in diagnosing HIV infection.

How the Test Works

The test uses an immunoassay method to detect antibodies to the gp120 protein of HIV-1 in your blood or plasma. If antibodies are present, they bind to the protein in the test, triggering a detectable reaction.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm, and the serum or plasma is separated for testing. This sample is sent to a lab for analysis.

Test Results and Interpretation

Results are reported as either positive (indicating possible HIV infection) or negative (no detectable antibodies). A positive result requires confirmation with another test, such as a confirmatory antibody test.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV gp120 Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

A positive result suggests exposure to HIV-1 and warrants further testing for confirmation. Antibodies typically appear within weeks to months after infection, but timing varies. Early detection is crucial for managing the infection and improving health outcomes.
This test alone cannot confirm HIV infection. A positive result will be followed by additional testing to confirm or rule out HIV-1 infection.
If you have symptoms like fever, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss, mention them to your doctor, as these could also signal other conditions.
The test uses a blood sample, so you may experience mild discomfort or bruising at the injection site. Avoid alcohol before the test to prevent potential interference with results.
How soon will I get my results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on your lab’s processing time. Follow-up instructions will be provided by your healthcare provider.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy