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HIV-1 Group and Subtype/Mutant Ratio by Genotyping (Plasma/Serum)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test identifies the specific type of HIV-1 virus in your blood and measures how your virus has mutated over time, which helps doctors choose the best treatment plan.

Quick summary

Understanding your HIV subtype and mutation status can guide personalized treatment decisions.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
100984-4
Short code
HIV 1 group M RNA Gentyp Islt Genotyp
Synonyms
HIV 1 group M RNA Gentyp Islt Genotyp
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
genotyping
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test detects the genetic sequence of the HIV-1 virus in your blood. It distinguishes between different subtypes of HIV-1 (e.g., subtype A, B, C) and assesses the proportion of mutant strains that may affect drug resistance. This information is critical for tailoring antiviral therapy to your specific virus profile.

Why It Matters for Treatment

Knowing your HIV subtype and mutation profile helps doctors select medications that are most effective against your virus. Some subtypes or mutations may respond differently to available antiretroviral drugs, potentially affecting treatment success and reducing the risk of drug resistance.

Sample Collection and Preparation

This test uses a blood sample (plasma or serum) collected during a routine venipuncture. The lab processes the sample to isolate viral genetic material for analysis. Results are typically available within 1–2 weeks, depending on lab workflows.

When You Might Need This Test

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you are newly diagnosed with HIV, if your viral load remains high despite treatment, or if you experience treatment failures or side effects. It is also used to monitor resistance to specific drugs or to confirm suspected subtype-related issues.

Frequently asked questions

When would I need this test?
You may need this test if you are newly diagnosed with HIV, if your doctor suspects drug resistance, or if your viral load isn’t controlled despite current treatment. It’s also used during follow-up if your virus appears to be changing over time.
What does the test result mean?
Results show the subtype of your HIV-1 virus (e.g., subtype A, B, or C) and the proportion of mutant strains that may affect drug sensitivity. For example, some subtypes or mutations may require different medications, so your doctor will interpret these results alongside your treatment plan.
How long does it take to get results?
Results typically take 1–2 weeks from the time your sample is received by the lab. Your healthcare provider will contact you once the results are ready, usually through your usual doctor’s office or lab communication system.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy