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HIV-1 Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body makes in response to the virus. It helps determine if you may have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening test is the first step in checking for HIV infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
16975-5
Short code
HIV1 IgG Ser Ql
Synonyms
HIV1 IgG Ser Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
82784
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for HIV-1 antibodies in your blood or plasma. These antibodies develop after your immune system has been exposed to the virus, typically within weeks to months after infection. The test uses an immunoassay method to identify these antibodies.

How the Test Works

Your blood or plasma sample is analyzed to detect specific proteins (antibodies) that your body produces in response to HIV. If antibodies are found, it suggests past or current infection, though further testing is needed to confirm.

Why It’s Done

Doctors perform this test as part of routine screening, especially for high-risk groups (e.g., sexually active individuals, people with multiple sexual partners, or those with sexually transmitted infections). It can also be recommended if you’ve had unprotected sex, shared needles, or other risk factors.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood, or a finger prick for a quick sample. The process takes a few minutes.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

How soon can I get results after the test?
Results are typically available within 1 to 3 business days. If the test is positive, follow-up confirmatory testing (like a Western Blot or HIV-1 Qualitative PCR) will be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
What if my test comes back positive?
A positive result means your body has detected HIV antibodies, but it doesn’t confirm the virus itself. You’ll need additional testing to confirm HIV infection. Your healthcare provider will guide you through next steps, including treatment options and support services.
Can I still have sex if my HIV antibody test is positive?
If your HIV test is positive, it’s important to discuss safe sex practices with your healthcare provider. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sex, and treatment (like antiretroviral therapy) can help manage the virus while reducing transmission risk.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy