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HIV Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening test is the first step in checking for HIV infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
48346-1
Short code
HIV 1+O+2 Ab SerPl-aCnc
Synonyms
HIV 1+O+2 Ab SerPl-aCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Does This Test Measure?

The test looks for HIV antibodies in your blood or plasma. Antibodies are proteins your immune system makes to fight infections. If you have been exposed to HIV, your body may produce these antibodies within weeks to months after exposure. This test does not directly measure the virus itself but identifies evidence of an immune response to it.

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have risk factors for HIV, such as unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or other behaviors that increase exposure risk. It is also part of routine testing for certain groups, like those with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or those who are pregnant.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood, or your healthcare provider may use a fingerstick for a quick sample. The test is usually done in a clinic or lab setting.

What to Expect After the Test

After the blood sample is taken, you may feel a slight pinch or discomfort. Most people recover quickly. If you experience any unusual bleeding or bruising, contact your healthcare provider. Results may take several days to weeks to process and report.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

How soon after exposure can this test detect HIV?
This test can detect HIV antibodies within about 2 to 6 weeks after exposure, but some people may not develop detectable antibodies for up to 3 months. If you suspect recent exposure, additional testing may be recommended sooner.
What if my test result is positive?
A positive result means you likely have HIV. Your healthcare provider will guide you through next steps, which may include confirmatory testing (like a Western Blot or PCR test) and immediate access to medical care, treatment, and support services to manage the infection.
Can I still get HIV if I have a negative test result?
Yes, it’s possible to have a negative result if you were exposed very recently (within the first few weeks). HIV can also be present without detectable antibodies in some cases. If you have risk factors, repeat testing or additional testing may be recommended to ensure accurate results.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy