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HIV Antibody Screening and Confirmation (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you may have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["Screening and confirming HIV antibodies to assess potential exposure and guide next steps in care."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
48345-3
Short code
HIV 1+O+2 Ab SerPl Ql
Synonyms
HIV 1+O+2 Ab SerPl Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test uses an immunoassay method to detect HIV antibodies in your serum or plasma. If antibodies are found, it may indicate past or current infection. Some tests also include a confirmatory step to ensure accuracy.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a blood draw, where a small amount of blood is taken from your arm. If a urine sample is used, you might be asked to collect it at home or in a clinic.

What the Results Mean

A positive result suggests the presence of HIV antibodies, which could mean you have been infected. False positives can occur, so confirmatory testing may be needed. A negative result means no antibodies were detected at this time.

When You Might Need This Test

This test is often used as part of routine screening, especially for high-risk groups (e.g., sexually active individuals, those with multiple sexual partners, or those with known exposure). It may also be recommended if you have symptoms of HIV or have been exposed to the virus.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical significance: Early detection of HIV antibodies is crucial for starting treatment promptly, managing symptoms, and preventing progression to AIDS. This test helps monitor exposure risk and guides preventive or treatment decisions.

Short name

HIV Antibody Test

Frequently asked questions

Why was I asked to take this test?
Your healthcare provider may have recommended this test to check for HIV antibodies, especially if you have been exposed to the virus, have risk factors, or are part of a screening program.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your blood contains antibodies to HIV, which could indicate past or current infection. Further testing may be needed to confirm and guide next steps in care.
Can I get false results?
Yes, rare false positives can occur, but confirmatory testing is used to ensure accuracy. False negatives are less common but can happen if testing is done too early after exposure.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy