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HIV-1 Antibody Screening and Confirmation Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you may have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This test screens for HIV antibodies, which can indicate past or current infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
12872-8
Short code
HIV1 p15 Ab Ser Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV1 p15 Ab Ser Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test uses an immunoassay method to identify HIV-1 antibodies in your serum or plasma. If HIV is present, your immune system produces antibodies against it. The test detects these antibodies to confirm exposure.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a blood draw, where a small amount of blood is taken from a vein in your arm. The test can be done at a clinic, doctor’s office, or lab.

What the Test Results Mean

Results are typically reported as positive, negative, or indeterminate. A positive result means antibodies to HIV were found, which may indicate past or current infection. A negative result means no detectable antibodies were found, but this does not guarantee you are not infected.

When You Might Need This Test

This test is often recommended for people at higher risk of HIV (e.g., unprotected sexual contact, shared needles, or living with someone who has HIV), those with symptoms of infection, or as part of routine screening if advised by a healthcare provider.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Test

Frequently asked questions

Why did my doctor order this test?
Your doctor may recommend this test if you have risk factors for HIV, such as unprotected sex, shared needles, or recent travel to areas with higher HIV rates. It’s also part of routine care for certain groups or if you have symptoms like fever, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your blood contains antibodies to HIV, suggesting you may have been infected. This does not confirm the exact timing of infection but indicates you should seek medical evaluation for further testing and care.
Can I get HIV from a positive test result?
No, a positive test result means your body has antibodies to HIV, not that you are currently infected with the virus. HIV spreads through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Avoid sharing needles or unprotected sex if you have concerns.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy