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HIV Antibody Screening and Confirmation Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This blood test checks for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body makes in response to the virus. It helps determine if you’ve been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["Detects HIV antibodies to assess potential infection and guide next steps in care."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
32842-7
Short code
HIV1 p17+p18 Ab Ser Ql
Synonyms
HIV1 p17+p18 Ab Ser Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters

HIV antibodies can appear in your blood after exposure, even if you’re not yet showing symptoms. This test is the first step in diagnosing HIV infection and determining if you need further testing or treatment.

How the Test Works

Your blood sample is tested using immunoassay methods to detect HIV antibodies. The test first screens for antibodies (qualitative) and then confirms results if positive.

Sample Collection

A small blood sample is drawn from your arm. The sample is processed into either serum or plasma for testing.

Test Results Interpretation

Results are reported as positive, negative, or indeterminate. A positive result means antibodies to HIV were found and further testing is recommended. A negative result means no antibodies were detected at this time.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Test (Screen & Confirm)

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result indicates you may have been infected with HIV. This does not mean you definitely have HIV, but it means you should consult your healthcare provider for additional testing (like HIV viral load or PCR) to confirm and guide next steps, such as starting antiretroviral therapy if needed.
How soon after exposure can I get a positive result?
HIV antibodies typically appear within 2–12 weeks after exposure, but some people may take longer. If you suspect exposure, testing should be done at least 3 months after the last possible exposure for reliable results.
Can I still get HIV if my antibody test is negative?
Yes, a negative antibody test does not guarantee you are not infected. HIV can sometimes take longer to produce detectable antibodies, or you may have been exposed recently. If you have risk factors, repeat testing or additional tests (like viral load) may be recommended.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy