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HIV-1 Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body makes in response to infection. It helps determine if you’ve been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening test is the first step in checking for HIV infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
12859-5
Short code
HIV1 p18 Ab Ser Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV1 p18 Ab Ser Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

Your healthcare provider will take a small blood sample from a vein in your arm. The blood is then tested for HIV antibodies using an immunoassay method. This test looks for specific proteins (antibodies) your immune system produces after exposure to HIV.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a slight bruise or soreness at the injection site, but this usually goes away quickly. If you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a bleeding disorder, let your provider know before the test.

What to Expect After the Test

You can return to your normal activities right after the test. If you had a blood draw, apply gentle pressure to the site to stop any bleeding. Avoid vigorous activity for a few hours.

What the Test Results Mean

A positive result means your test detected HIV antibodies, suggesting you may have been infected. A negative result means no antibodies were found, but HIV could still be present in your body. Follow-up tests (like a confirmatory HIV antibody test) are needed for a definitive diagnosis.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

Why is this test important?
Early detection of HIV is crucial for managing the infection and preventing complications. This screening test helps identify HIV at an early stage, allowing for timely medical care, treatment, and support to improve your health and quality of life.
What if I get a positive result?
If your screening test is positive, you’ll need a confirmatory test (like a Western blot or fourth-generation HIV test) to confirm the diagnosis. Your healthcare provider will guide you through next steps, including counseling, testing for other STIs, and starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) if needed.
How often should I get tested?
The CDC recommends HIV testing for everyone aged 13–64 at least once as part of routine care. If you’re at higher risk (e.g., unprotected sex, shared needles, or living with someone infected), testing more frequently—such as every 3–12 months—may be advised. Discuss your risk factors with your provider to determine the best testing schedule for you.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy