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HIV-1 Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you may have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening test is the first step in checking for HIV infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
12871-0
Short code
HIV1 p26 Ab Ser Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV1 p26 Ab Ser Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for HIV-1 antibodies in your blood or plasma. Antibodies are proteins your immune system makes when it encounters a foreign substance, like HIV. If you’ve been infected, your body will produce these antibodies over time.

How the Test Works

Your healthcare provider will take a blood sample, which is then tested using an immunoassay method to detect HIV-1 antibodies. This test is designed to be highly sensitive and specific for early detection.

Why It’s Done

This screening test is typically performed as part of routine health check-ups, especially if you’re at higher risk for HIV (e.g., unprotected sex, shared needles, or living with someone who has HIV). It can also be recommended if you experience symptoms like fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or swollen lymph nodes.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm or hand to draw blood. The process usually takes a few minutes. If you’re nervous, let your provider know—they can offer comfort measures.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your test detected HIV-1 antibodies, suggesting you may have been infected. However, false positives can occur, so your provider will likely follow up with a confirmatory test (like a Western blot or fourth-generation assay) to confirm the diagnosis.
What does a negative result mean?
A negative result means your test did not detect HIV-1 antibodies at this time. It does not guarantee you are not infected—HIV can take weeks to months to develop antibodies. If you suspect exposure, repeat testing in 3–6 months is recommended.
How often should I get tested?
If you’re at risk, get tested at least once a year. If you’ve been exposed recently (within 90 days), testing sooner may be advised. Always follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy