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HIV-1 Antibody, Qualitative (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you’ve been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening helps identify potential HIV exposure early for further evaluation and care."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
35442-3
Short code
HIV1 p66 Ab Sal Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV1 p66 Ab Sal Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for specific antibodies (proteins) your immune system makes when it encounters HIV. These antibodies are a sign that your body has been exposed to the virus, though they may not appear immediately after infection.

How the Test Works

Your blood sample is tested using an immunoassay method to detect HIV antibodies. This method identifies whether your immune system has produced these markers, which can indicate past or current infection.

Why It’s Done

Doctors may order this test if you have symptoms of HIV, have been exposed to the virus, or are at higher risk (e.g., unprotected sex, shared needles). It’s also part of routine screening for certain groups.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm or hand to draw blood. If you’re nervous, let your healthcare provider know.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen (Qualitative)

Frequently asked questions

A positive result means your blood contains HIV antibodies, suggesting past or current infection. A negative result means no detectable antibodies were found at this time, but HIV could still be present without antibodies (early infection). Follow-up testing may be needed for confirmation.
This test is not a diagnostic tool for active HIV infection. If you’re at risk, a follow-up test (like HIV RNA or viral load) may be recommended to check for active virus.
If you get a positive result, your healthcare provider will guide you on next steps, including testing for HIV viral load and counseling.
This test does not screen for other STIs (sexually transmitted infections). If you have symptoms or concerns about other infections, discuss them with your doctor.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 72 hours, depending on your lab. Follow-up instructions will be provided by your healthcare team.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy