Skip to content

HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Testing (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test analyzes the genetic material of HIV-1 to identify specific mutations that may affect how the virus responds to antiretroviral medications.

Quick summary

["Understanding your HIV drug resistance helps doctors tailor your treatment for better effectiveness and fewer side effects."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
83325-1
Short code
HIV 1 RNA genotype Islt
Synonyms
HIV 1 RNA genotype Islt
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
genotyping
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Does This Test Measure?

The test detects variations (mutations) in the HIV-1 virus’s genetic code, particularly in genes responsible for drug resistance. These mutations can arise over time if certain antiretroviral drugs are used, potentially reducing their effectiveness.

Why Is This Test Important?

Genotypic testing provides detailed information about which drugs the virus is likely to resist, allowing healthcare providers to adjust your treatment plan to maximize its success and minimize resistance.

How Is the Sample Collected?

A blood sample (serum or plasma) is drawn from a vein in your arm. This sample is then sent to a lab for genetic analysis to identify resistance mutations.

What Happens Next?

After processing, the lab reports the presence and location of resistance mutations. Your healthcare provider will review the results to recommend the best treatment options for you.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance: This test is crucial for managing HIV treatment by identifying drug-resistant strains early. It helps prevent treatment failures and ensures you receive the most effective medications for your specific virus profile.

Short name

HIV Genotype Test

Frequently asked questions

When might I need this test?
You may need this test if you’ve been on antiretroviral therapy for a while, if your viral load remains high despite treatment, or if you experience side effects that suggest resistance.
How long does it take to get results?
Results typically take 7 to 14 business days, depending on lab processing times and your healthcare provider’s workflow.
Can I stop taking my current medications while waiting for results?
No, it’s important to continue taking your prescribed medications as directed. Stopping them could affect the accuracy of the test and your treatment plan.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy