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HIV Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you may have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening test is the first step in checking for HIV infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
5224-1
Short code
HIV 2 Ab SerPl IA-aCnc
Synonyms
HIV 2 Ab SerPl IA-aCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Does This Test Measure?

The test looks for HIV antibodies in your blood or plasma. Antibodies are proteins your immune system makes to fight infections. If you have been exposed to HIV, your body may produce these antibodies within weeks to months after exposure.

Why Might You Need This Test?

You may need this test if you have risk factors for HIV, such as unprotected sex, sharing needles, or other behaviors that increase exposure risk. It’s also recommended as part of routine health check-ups, especially if you’re in a high-risk group.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm. The sample is sent to a lab where it is tested for HIV antibodies using an immunoassay method. This process is quick and usually done in a doctor’s office or clinic.

What Are the Next Steps?

If the screening test is positive, your healthcare provider will likely order a confirmatory test (like a Western Blot or fourth-generation immunoassay) to confirm HIV infection. If negative, further testing may be recommended depending on your risk factors.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

Early detection of HIV is crucial. Antibodies appear after exposure, but symptoms may not appear for months. This test helps identify potential infection early, allowing for timely medical care and treatment to manage the virus effectively.
This test is not a diagnostic test for acute HIV infection (early infection). If you suspect recent exposure, additional testing may be needed to check for HIV viral load or antigens.
What if I get a positive result?
A positive screening result means your blood may contain HIV antibodies, but it does not confirm HIV infection. Your healthcare provider will follow up with confirmatory tests to determine if you have HIV. Treatment options are available if HIV is confirmed.
How often should I get tested?
The frequency of testing depends on your risk factors. The CDC recommends HIV testing at least once every 6 months if you are at high risk, or annually for others. Your healthcare provider can tailor recommendations to your situation.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy