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HIV Antibody Screening (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening test is critical for early detection of HIV infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
5225-8
Short code
HIV 2 Ab Ser Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV 2 Ab Ser Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Does This Test Measure?

The test measures HIV antibodies in your blood or plasma. Antibodies are proteins your immune system creates to fight infections. If you have been exposed to HIV, your body will produce these antibodies over time. This test screens for the presence of these antibodies to identify potential HIV infection.

Why Is This Test Important?

Early detection of HIV is essential for managing the infection effectively. It allows healthcare providers to recommend treatments, monitor health, and prevent complications. This test is often part of routine screening, especially for high-risk groups or those with symptoms of infection.

How Is This Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from your arm, and the serum or plasma is tested using an immunoassay method. This method detects specific antibodies that indicate exposure to HIV. The test is typically done in a laboratory setting and results are usually available within a few days.

What Are the Possible Results?

Results can be either positive (indicating potential HIV infection), negative (no detectable antibodies), or inconclusive (requiring further testing). A positive result means you should follow up with additional confirmatory tests to confirm HIV status.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

What Does a Positive Result Mean?
A positive HIV antibody screen means you may have been exposed to HIV, but it does not confirm the infection immediately. You will need further testing, such as a confirmatory HIV antibody test or viral load test, to determine if you have active HIV infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the disease.
What If My Test Result Is Negative?
A negative result means no detectable HIV antibodies were found in your sample at the time of testing. However, HIV can take weeks to months to develop detectable antibodies. If you suspect you may have been exposed to HIV, it is important to retest within 3 to 6 months or consult your healthcare provider for further guidance.
How Often Should I Get Tested?
The frequency of HIV testing depends on your risk factors. High-risk individuals (e.g., those with multiple sexual partners, injection drug use, or exposure to HIV) should be tested regularly. Routine testing is recommended for sexually active individuals without condoms, people with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and those with compromised immune systems.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy